应用活性炭再生含多环芳烃植物油的可行性及性能评价

为利用植物油去除污染土壤中的多环芳烃,研究了应用活性炭F400吸附柱再生含多环芳烃植物油的可行性,对含高浓度多环芳烃的植物油进行二级再生处理,优化了过程参数,比较了原植物油和经活性炭再生的植物油去除土壤中多环芳烃能力的差别.结果表明,活性炭吸附法可以实现含多环芳烃植物油的再生,证明了修复策略的可行性.二级处理可以进一步吸附植物油中的多环芳烃,且高分子量多环芳烃几乎完全被去除.再生植物油和原植物油去除土壤中多环芳烃的能力没有明显差别.     

Dryland characteristics and its optimized eco‐productive paradigms for sustainable development in China

Dryland area occupies 37% of the national territory in China. Desertification and other disasters have limited dryland sustainable development. Here we overview the dryland characteristics and desertification status and introduce four regionally optimized eco‐productive paradigms for dryland sustainable development, i.e., the mountain‐oasis paradigm in arid desert; the small watershed‐based paradigm on the Loess Plateau; the integrated animal husbandry paradigm on the Inner Mongolia Steppe and the agro‐pastoral transitional region; and three circle paradigm on the Ordos Plateau. These paradigms are established on the basis of regional landscape patterns and their underlying material and energy flow rules, and different functional belts are determined and capitalized upon with the integrated consideration of regional biogeophysical processes, biogeochemical cycles and biogeosocial relations. These paradigms cannot cover all complex landscape types, but provide theoretical frameworks and practicable models for dryland sustainable development in China.     

A Sensitivity Analysis of an Integrated Modelling Approach to Assess the Risk of Wind-borne Spread of Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus from Infected Premises

The sensitivity of an integrated model to assess the potential for wind-borne spread of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) to variations in key parameters controlling different physical and biological processes was evaluated. The estimated number of farms at risk is sensitive to the virus strain used and the accompanying effective contact rate. The C Noville strain increased the estimated number of exposed farms ranked as high and medium risk of being infected by a factor of 5, compared to the baseline, based on the O UKG 2001 strain. The inclusion of a model for biological ageing of the virus can also have a significant effect on the concentration patterns arising from transport and dispersion of the virus. Its inclusion has the practical advantage of markedly reducing the time required for the calculations. The estimated number of farms affected by exposure to high and medium virus concentrations is not grossly sensitive to attenuation caused by temperature or relative humidity effects. Changes in susceptibility to infection, as determined by the parameter θ in the exposure-risk model, does not change the configuration of the virus plumes, but it does change the distribution of farms at risk by risk category. These findings suggest that a good understanding of characteristics (excretion rates from infected animals, susceptibility of different species to infection, virus survival, etc.) of the virus strain involved in an FMD outbreak is necessary to provide a reliable assessment of the risk of wind-borne spread. In the event of an incursion of FMD, provision for laboratory studies on the virus will be an essential component of the disease response and should be factored into contingency plans.

村级水资源的管理与利用研究--来自南方四个村的案例分析

农村水资源及其相关设施的改革需要更多了解村和户层次上的现实状况和机制安排。以避免改革扭曲和失败。通过对湖北和广西共四个村的村委会、关键知情人及120个农户的调查。在村和农户两个层次上描述水资源及其相关设施的管理与利用，尤其是在干旱年份村和户所采取的策略。并深入分析了农村村级水资源管理与利用的制度安排与问题。得出的结论是。追求水利管理效率的市场化改革需要考虑干旱的威胁，要有基于风险的制度设计和法律保障。     

黄河三角洲土地质量模糊综合评价

针对土地复杂性、模糊性的特征,本文采用模糊数学中“多级模糊综合评判”的方法进行了黄河三角洲土地质量评价,并对其科学性和可行性作了探讨。     

Evaluation and analysis of heavy metals in iron and steel industrial area

Environment, Development and Sustainability - Heavy metal pollution has attracted more attention due to the toxicity and migration characteristics, which has close relationship with soil...     

哈长城市群县域碳排放空间溢出效应及影响因素研究——基于NPP-VIIRS夜间灯光数据的实证

基于2012-2016年NPP-VIIRS夜间灯光数据测算哈长城市群共计68个县级单元碳排放数据,采用空间自相关、位序规模法则、空间计量模型以及空间马尔科夫链模型,对县级尺度城市碳排放空间特征、影响因素和动态空间溢出作用进行分析.结果表明：①城市碳排放呈现逐年下降的趋势,空间Moran''s I指数表明研究区城市碳排放存在高度的空间自相关,碳排放的高值集聚性呈降低的趋势.②位序规模法则表明,研究区全部城市的碳排放属于次位型分布,高位次城市的碳排放表现突出;在前十位城市的碳排放规模先减少再增加,由分散向集中演变.③多种空间面板模型对比分析表明,城市经济水平和人口密度因素呈现显著的正相关关系;固定投资和外商投资因素仅在时间固定模型中起到正向影响作用;技术进步以及路网密度因素则起到显著的抑制作用.④空间马尔科夫链分析结果表明,城市碳排放空间溢出效应明显,位于低水平区域与高水平区域的城市在转移过程中保持稳定;位于中低水平区域的城市与高碳排放的城市相邻会降低转移概率,反之则会提升转移概率.     

基于LOADEST和数字滤波的水源地基流氮素输出定量方法应用实例

地表直接径流和基流均是流域非点源氮/磷养分输出的重要水文途径.科学认识和定量模拟基流氮/磷养分输出对于准确解析水源地水体非点源污染来源至关重要.基于Load Estimator模型和数字滤波算法,建立了定量水源地基流氮素输出的方法体系.以浙江省珊溪水源地的玉泉溪流域为例,利用玉泉溪2010-01—2013-12期间逐月总氮(TN)水质监测数据和逐日流量数据,展示了该方法的计算过程.结果表明,本文建立的水源地基流氮素输出定量方法结果合理,模拟精度高,决定系数和纳什系数分别为0.83和0.80;玉泉溪流域2010—2013年TN负荷量为141.21～274.68 t·a~(-1),平均208.63 t·a~(-1),年基流TN负荷量为84.39～168.68 t·a~(-1),平均127.69 t·a~(-1);基流对玉泉溪年均TN负荷量贡献率高达60%以上,流域基流养分输出对地表水体的污染应引起足够重视.     

基于稳定氢同位素的太原市大气单环芳烃来源

采集太原市城北和城南区域环境空气和5类污染源挥发性有机物样品,测定样品中典型单环芳烃稳定氢同位素（δD）组成,基于同位素质量平衡原理计算单环芳烃从源到环境空气受体的δD初始混合值,探讨单环芳烃来源.结果表明,柴油挥发源、溶剂挥发源、汽油挥发源（97^#）、汽油挥发源（95^#）、机动车尾气（97^#）、机动车尾气（95^#）和民用燃煤源中单环芳烃δD范围依次为：（-138.7‰~-115.5‰）、（-147.0‰~-121.0‰）、（-150.8‰~-117.6‰）、（-131.8‰~-113.8‰）、（-171.2‰~-120.0‰）、（-138.9‰~-102.7‰）和（-168.3‰~-142.3‰）,民用燃煤源中单环芳烃δD显著贫重氢同位素（D）组成,机动车尾气源与汽油挥发源中苯的δD相比显著贫D,可用于探索污染物转化过程;城北和城南环境空气中δD范围为（-131.7‰~-115.1‰）和（-131.9‰~-74.9‰）,δD初始混合值为-138.4‰和-173.9‰,体现了其来源差异.